Frankenstein and Models essays

Frankenstein and Models articles He was a beast, nobody appreciated him. They knew not what to do about the horrendous animal, so they pursued him from the world. He was so distressed by this and the way that his maker surrendered him as a result of his appearance; he vanished into the obscurity of the North Pole. He couldn't associate with society as a result of his appearance. What does this say about mankind! Humankind is so founded on what someone looks like, that the individuals can't fit in with society and ought to fundamentally stroll into the freezing cold territories and die. This unquestionably doesn't say a lot of regarding how well revolting individuals can live in our general public. The tearing activity of the cutting edge people groups shows how one-sided they are. On the off chance that you investigate a magazine, you can perceive how horrendous occasions have gotten. Nobody can live with the wiped out slim models that appear in those horrendous regions. They have no meat on them, and would be in an ideal situation simply resting and eating a couple boxes of chocolate. The carefully adjusted ladies in the magazines never really help with intellectually upset young people in todays society. The individuals make me wiped out. They cannot stay with the truth. On the off chance that the populace will live on cheap food and boxed suppers, how would they anticipate that individuals should look the manner in which the individuals do in magazines! The failure to find out the truth is altogether upsetting. It is practically irritating to hear the individuals whine that they are fat or revolting. At the point when will society understand that they are for the most part appalling somehow or another, that the models in those magazines are simply beautiful pictures with digitally embellished bodies and faces. ... <!

The Scarlet Pimpernel Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Pimpernel Essay The Scarlet PimpernelThe Scarlet Pimpernel was an anecdotal character that had a positive objective and, to certain, was extremely moving. The timeframe that the film happens in is an entirely insecure and radical time. Percy, the primary character and the Scarlet Pimpernel, is happy to place his life in peril to go to bat for what he has confidence in. In spite of the fact that he does in a canny manner, he is exceptionally brave and savvy in the manner he executes his arrangements. Sir Percy was eager to resemble a nitwit to have the option to stay quiet about his way of life as the Scarlet Pimpernel. The film happens in Paris during the upset and watchers can see the significant changes going on all through the move. Individuals were being executed for such minor offenses as chopping down a tree that was believed to be significant on the grounds that it was planted as an indication of freedom. Individuals who were however to be a danger to the upset or Republic were killed by the guillotine. The film demonstrated how individuals might be wrongly accused and captured for a wrongdoing they didn't submit. At the point when circumstances emerge like this in history frenzy and bedlam breaks out, incompletely as a result of dread of being wrongly blamed for an imaginary wrongdoing and halfway for certain people groups want for force and passing. We will compose a custom article on The Scarlet Pimpernel explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The film contains more than one subject. The main, shows the significance of boldness and penance and the second shows the savagery and selling out that goes on in government. In the Scarlet Pimpernel the administration resistance official accepts that he is sold out by the lady he needs to wed and later sells out her. He ventures to such an extreme as to take steps to place her sibling in prison on the off chance that she doesn't assist him with getting the Scarlet Pimpernel. During circumstances such as the present, it was conceivable to be killed for being blamed for injustice against the administration. The upset that was going on was vital, however a portion of the individuals that were realizing it were doing it in incorrectly.

Product Development - An Overview From Idea To Product

Product Development - An Overview From Idea To Product 1. TWO APPROACHES FOR MANAGING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Product development is the creation of a new or different product that offers innovative new benefits to the end user. This includes both the creation of an entirely new product and modifications to an existing product. These changes or new introductions may be targeting a newly defined customer requirement or a niche category in the market.A product can be defined as a collection of benefits that can be either tangible such as a physical item or intangible such as a service or experience. The new product development process involves two simultaneous activity paths. One of these focuses on extensive market research and analysis while the other deals with generating ideas, design of the product and detail engineering.New product development is the first stage in the product life cycle management process, the strategic process that is used to manage products and market share. An effective product development process helps a company to:Grow through the creation of new business opportuni tiesBoost profitability for stakeholdersIncrease customer satisfaction through better products meeting specific needs © Shutterstock.com | PureSolutionIn this article, we look at 1) two approaches for managing product development, 2) points to remember, and 3) other product development techniques.1. TWO APPROACHES FOR MANAGING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTThere have been several approaches to managing an effective new product development process. One such method is the Fuzzy Front End (FFE) followed by a more formal Stage Gate process. The FFE is a more chaotic early stage process, where the concept is defined. The Stage Gate is a more formal step by step process where the concept is formalized and managed systematically.a. Fuzzy Front End (FFE)Defined by Koen, the fuzzy front end includes the chaotic, unpredictable, and unstructured activities that precede a more formal new product development process. This is stage after an opportunity has been realized and before a formal product development process is deemed ready. Here, a concept may be generated and then the decision made regarding the feasibility of t his concept and whether it is worthy of further investment of resources.Practically, the FFE may not be a formal or detailed part of the product development process. However, it may end up taking up to half the total development time and this is the point where serious commitments regarding time, investment and the nature of the envisioned end product are decided. Because of this, it sets the direction for the whole project and the product. This is why the importance of this phase cannot be overlooked and it should be included in the overall projected product development cycle time.In no particular order, Koen mentions five different elements of the front end. These are:Identification of Design CriteriaIn a semi structured manner, both large and incremental business and technological chances are identified. Based on criteria / guidelines decided here, new projects / products will be assigned resources and a structured development strategy can begin to be establishedIdea AnalysisIden tified ideas are converted to implications for business context relevant to the company. Market research and studies as well as some basic trials may be conducted at this point to understand how the concept will translate into a solution for the customerConcept GenesisThrough an incremental and iterative process, the identified idea is taken birth to a mature tangible concept. The process followed here can be formulated internally or externally through a specific customer request or a unique material availability from a supplierPrototypeDoes the concept of idea reached here make business sense and does it have business value? Positive answers to these questions lead to the decision to purse the creation of the prototype of the product and negative answers may end the process right here to be started again from the beginningProduct DevelopmentBased on factors such as available market share, customer requirements, investment needed, competitor analysis etc., a business case can now be developed. This is often treated as the first step of the formal product development process.There is no formal or universal definition of the Fuzzy Front End. Neither is there a clear framework of how it works. Generally, it is said to encompass tasks such as strategic planning, generating concepts and pre-technical evaluations. These activities are not set in any formal framework, but flow in an unpredictable, unstructured and often chaotic manner. Despite this, it can be a valuable and often vital lead into a successful product development activity.b. Eight Stage Gate Process for New Product DevelopmentOften known as the stage gate process, this 8 stage framework was developed by Robert G. Cooper after extensive research product success and failure. Since product developments often include big or small teams and may require substantial investment, following a structured and formal process may help maximize the probability of a successful product and mitigate the risk of failure. This process can also help keep everyone on the development team structured and on the same page. © Entrepreneurial InsightsThe 8 stages in this process are:Idea GenerationAt this stage, a product development team will take the concept narrowed down in the fuzzy front end and work on brainstorming this concept into concrete ideas for products. It is necessary to employ strong analyses to identify current market trends and available solutions, understand customer behavior and needs, and identify areas of opportunity. This information will help keep ideas focused and relevant. Some tools that can help this analysis include a basis internal and external SWOT analysis, study of market and customer trends, competitor analysis, focus groups, sales staff and other employees, and information from trade shows. It is also helpful for the team to keep important aspects of the future product in mind such as how lean it is, how scalable it is and how much return can it generate. There may be many ideas at this point, which will be analyzed in detail in the next stage.Idea ScreeningAt this st age, the task is to remove ideas that do not make strong business sense. A set criteria should be decided against which each idea will be evaluated and discussed. There should be as little deviation as possible from this criteria so that no extra time is spent debating unsuitable ideas. Some questions that can be asked at this stage includeWill the target audience benefit from this product?What is the size of this target audience and is there a growth forecast?Is there existing competitor presence or is it anticipated?Are the industry and market trends positive?Does it make technical sense to manufacture the proposed product?Will the product be profitable?Will it be acceptable to the customer at target price?Concept Development and TestingAt this stage, the legal and practical aspects of developing and launching the new product are studied. It is pertinent to investigate all intellectual property and patent issues to prevent later infringement issues. An understanding of the marketi ng message and marketing details will also help streamline and focus the process moving forward. Identifying the target market, purchase decision makers, product features, potential benefits and consumer reactions to the product are some important marketing related points. In addition, design details and their technical requirements as well as cost effective production are also vital considerations.Business AnalysisOnce marketing and design details are evaluated and understood, it is now time to conduct a business analysis to assess product profitability potential. It is important to estimate as close to reality as possible the likely sale price, based on competitor analysis results and consumer focus group or survey data. It is also necessary to workup sales volumes based on market size and relevant tools. And based on this, profitability and a break-even point can be identified.  Beta Testing and Market TestingAt this point, it is now time to manufacture an actual prototype or a c lose mockup. The product, and ideally the packaging, should now be tested in true to life usage conditions. This can be done through focus groups, interviews, introductions at tradeshows. The feedback that is generated can help identify redundant features or those that create no real value and any hitches in the user experience. Necessary adjustments can now be made. As further testing, an initial trial market can be identified and a small scale launch conducted to further assess acceptance by the target user group.  Technical ImplementationAt this stage, the technical teams will finalize the quality management system. They will also work out the resource requirements, plan engineering operations and create department schedules. Technical communications and requirements can be published to create a record. Suppliers should be brought on board and logistics worked out. A system for regular reviews of the project as well as contingency and risk mitigation plans should also be drawn up .Product LaunchThe product is ready for launch at this stage. Necessary advertising and marketing communications strategies are set into motion and the distribution channel is loaded up to ensure consistent product availability. The product should be monitored for usage feedback with consistent technical support available if applicable. In order to help convert undecided consumers into actual buyers, the marketing communications and brand presence need to be strong, relevant, visible and updated.New Product Pricing and Post Launch ReviewAt this point, a review of the entire process is a good idea to identify best practices and areas of improvement. The impact of this new product on the entire product portfolio should also be evaluated. An external and internal value analysis will help understand the impact of the product. The product may have been launched at an introductory price and it may now be time to decide upon an actual pricing strategy. This can be done after assessing cons umer response, competitor response and product costs. A forecast of unit volumes, revenue and profit will also add value. An ongoing mechanism needs to be put in place to evaluate changing customer needs and market trends to ensure that the product stays relevant and competitive as consumers grow older and change preferences.2. POINTS TO REMEMBERIt is important to note that the product development process is a fluid and evolving one. Some steps may need to be iterated while others may be eliminated altogether. In the interest of quicker time to market, some companies may run several steps simultaneously.There must be an understanding that ideas may get trashed and some of these may be exciting and innovative but wrong for what is presently required. The company must also be prepared for losses and have a risk mitigation or market exit strategy planned in advance to avoid being caught off guard.A Balanced TeamThe product development process ideally needs both technical or engineering and marketing or business expertise. The best way to achieve this is to create a specialized cross functional team and give it end to end responsibility for the product. This means that the team will be working on idea generation all the way to commercialization and post launch reviews. If the industry requires extensive and expensive RD, then a collaboration among different companies may help spread out costs and risks associated with a new product as well as provide access to a wider variety of skills and experience. In any case, it is vital that the team work in close collaboration to ensure the successful development and launch of the new product. With clear goals, the team can ensure that the product development process is productive and relevant.A Proactive ProcessNew product development is increasingly seen as a proactive process by senior management. There is an effort to identify changes in market trends and seize opportunities for new products before a need for them is ex plicitly present or before a competitor reaches it. This allows time to perfect and plan a product’s development and launch in detail and allows risk mitigation and planning. If a more reactive methodology is adopted then, there will always be a rush to catch up which may lead to a substandard product or a poorly planned launch. New product development should be seen as a form of continuous development where the entire company is alert towards potential opportunities.3. OTHER PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUESScrumSCRUM is a simple framework that allows teams to collaborate effectively on complex projects. Through this methodology, product development occurs in small pieces. Each piece builds up on a previously created piece. Working on one small piece at a time encourages the creative process and allows teams to incorporate feedback and make changes as well as to create only what is needed.Through a small set of rules, basic structure is provided to the teams to allow them to focus i nnovation on finding solutions to what might other be an extremely daunting challenge.The Scrum process involves three basic roles. These are:Product Owners who finalize what needs to be createdDevelopment teams who create what is needed and then demonstrate it after which the next step is determinedScrum Masters who ensure a smooth process and work on process improvement, team development and product quality

The Epidemic Of Obesity And Obesity - 1319 Words

There’s an appalling epidemic in today’s society sweeping across not only the United States, but all across the globe. This horrible epidemic isn’t the bird flu, or any type of sickness, rather obesity. Today, obesity rates are at an all time high in America. This disease, obesity, is being passed down the family both genetically, and by the terrible eating habits developing in the US. Kids growing up in this generation are facing frightening issues such as increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc., the list goes on. Zinczenko proves this in his text Don’t Blame the Eater, when he says, â€Å"Before 1994, diabetes in children was generally caused by a genetic disorder - Only about 5 percent of childhood causes were obesity-related, or Type 2, diabetes. Today, according to the National Institute of Health, Type 2 diabetes accounts for at least 30 percent of all new childhood cases of diabetes in this country.† (Zinczenko 46 3) The sad part about it, is these kids more time than not, are born into these types of situations. There’s no surprise that obesity rates in America are directly correlated with the increasing amount of fast food chains popping up on every street corner. These fast food restaurants are masters of the art of advertising, and are using it as the strongest way of increasing sales. This is very dangerous because not all advertisements are true, despite what the common American might think, and it can be used to sway people’s thoughtsShow MoreRelatedThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity1133 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has always been a topic that many have had due to the increase attention it has received. Across America, there has been a lot of attention on the obesity epidemic. In America and the inner cities, more people are eating meals away from home in addition to consuming larger portions from fast food restaurants. At this rate, gaining weight is the likely outcome. H igh energy dense food has become convenient and affordable. Fast food is almost everywhere in America and, contributes to the growingRead MoreObesity : The Obesity Epidemic1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe Obesity Epidemic What is obesity? According to the Health Reference Center Academic, â€Å"Obesity is a clinical condition characterized by an excess of body fat†. Obesity causes serious and life-threatening diseases. Obesity can be calculated using the BMI or Body mass index. The higher the BMI the more obese a person is considered. More than 1 third of the population in the US is obese. Medical costs for treating obesity were estimated at $147 billion in 2008. Non-Hispanic black and Mexican AmericanRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe issue. There has been substantial encouragement, which has pressured governments and politicians to implement restrictions on the publicising of unhealthy foods, particularly those targeting children. (Jolly, R. 2011) Researchers of the epidemic of obesity are inclined to emphasise environmental aspects, including the convenience of high-calorie appetising junk foods in conjunction with the influence of television programming, video games, computers and tablets that discourage exercise. TheoreticallyRead MoreObesity : The Obesity Epidemic Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesevidence that Americans are among the most overweight across the globe, this issue is constantly ignored. We hear about obesity being one of the most prevalent issues in America yet through the years this issue seems to worsen. Although Obesity may not be taken seriously by many, it is one of the leading health issues in America today. Many don’t understand the causes of this obesity epidemic, but being educated on this topic is the best way to prevent and control this issue. A recent study from the NationRead MoreObesity : The Obesity Epidemic2984 Words   |  12 PagesThe Obesity Epidemic What is obesity? A condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body; obesity is when someone is so overweight that it is a threat to their health (â€Å"What is Obesity?†). Obesity is an increasing global health problem. Corpulence is an important matter because of the astounding magnitudes that this disease has reached in the past 30 years (â€Å"Health and Aging†). Obesity is the reason for nearly 10 percent of the national medical budget, whichRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity2517 Words   |  11 Pagesof obesity in children is on the rise in America. One in three children in America is obese (Kelly). Anyone can recognize there is a problem with the growing numbers of children overweight, however, no one has come up with a way to stop the obesity epidemic. This epidemic in children has been caused by numerous factors now numerous solutions can stop this if they are put in use. Children are weighing more than they ever have. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says, â€Å"Obesity hasRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Obesity is becoming an outrageous and alarming health issue in today’s society. Children are rapidly getting engulfed by this pandemic every day. According to the book Public Health 101: Health People-Healthy Populations, pandemic can be defined as, â€Å"An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and affecting a large number of people† (Riegelman, Kirkwood, 2015). The World Health Organization estimates that 43 million children worldwideRead MoreObesity Epidemic : Obesity And Obesity1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012† (cdc.gov). Subsequently, the obesity epidemic has continued to increase over the past few years in the United States. There are many different aspects that have contributed to the obesity epidemic. For example, many people today choose to be convenient instead of eating healthy, which results in the consummation of processed foods. Processed foods have a significant effe ct on the risk of obesity. With a current society always on the go, adults and children haveRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity2053 Words   |  9 Pagesrise in obesity has reached global epidemic proportions (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2015). Obesity is defined as an â€Å"abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.† Body Mass Index (BMI) is a common tool used to measure a person s weight in kilograms divided by their height in meters squared (kg/m2) (WHO, 2015). An individual with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 is considered clinically obese (WHO, 2015). However this may not be the most valid way of measuring obesity as itRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic : Obesity Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesThe obesity epidemic proves to be an issue in America and continues to grow with time. In simple terms, obesity is a disorder where the subject has increasing amounts of fat, leading to health problems in the future. This epidemic has steadily increase d in American bodies for decades and researchers have tried to find the root causes of this problem. Though there is controversy as to what is the primary cause of this rising epidemic, it is clear that there are many factors that contribute to the

District Manager Emerging Leader Essay Samples Help!

District Manager Emerging Leader Essay Samples Help! Therefore, leaders should use their energy efficiently since there is just a particular quantity of tasks that may be completed in 1 day. In modern medicine, the vast majority of nursing tasks are performed by means of a team as opposed to individuals. Surprisingly, other studies have proven that obesity in some instances can actually decrease the chance of breast cancer. First of all, there's an acute shortage of competent nurses in the healthcare market. Enlarge your wordlist, if you don't need the examiners to truly feel bored due to the restricted vocabulary. In fact, analytical skills are vital. No matter your specific skills might be, you should absolutely highlight them. After you collate the appropriate info, you can review them to expand your comprehension of the idea of leadership before you commence writing an essay on leadership. There are some quite great examples of thesis statements which may be shown before. Don't forget, all sort of activities you're speaking about in the essay must be associated with the scholarship program. You should know that even in the event that you have written the very best essay, it won't read so if it has glaring grammatical errors. The District Manager Emerging Leader Essay Samples Cover Up The common manager tends to concentrate on the everyday pursuits and short-term profits. Both a leader and a manager could be familiarized with the business but a leader has to be in a place to know the company in a different and much better way. To turn into a real professional in business management, it is crucial to learn more concerning the essential small business strategies which will help to increase management practices and produce the right skills and abilities. To be an effective leader it's important to center on the determined details of a scenario, start looking for opportunities and the way to achieve them. The point is to observe the larger picture of being a true leader and just by doing this, an individual would have the ability to determine that being a nursing leader is not only about changing or challenging the people's vision of the future. A leader is somebody who understands human nature and takes all the advantages from using this understanding. Leaders on the opposite hand, notice what must be done, but spend their time figuring out how to have it done. There's a greater chance you will reach your aims by writing them down. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay Sometimes educational institutions wish to learn more than just your career objectives. It amazes me that all these individuals don't set goals. Link education to your upcoming career Elaborate how your educational background will enable you to attain your professional objectives. Managers are needed to monitor, supervise, and get tasks done in a specific amount of time. Leaders, on the flip side, must strategically utilize not merely their time, but energy also. These qualities of nursing leadership below are a few of the qualities one ought to discover oneself with as a superior leader in nursing. In years past it was believed to be the expression of gene regulatory enzymes, which then regulates metabolism. While the term lead simply ways to go or guide. Introduction Leadership is a distinctive quality that not everybody can possess. Effective leaders should have a crystal clear vision about the future of the organisation that makes them seem effective. The idea of focus is what Stephen R. Covey portrays among the most effective things in succeeding. Leadership is one particular quality that's possessed by a selected few. Nonetheless, the leader will often have more power. Leaders on their part don't have any subordinates because they don't have any formal control or authority above their followers. Conclusion A great leader has the capacity to inspire others and instil leadership qualities in his subordinates to create future leaders.

Apple Marketing Project Free Essays

The impact of Apple products in the electronic business market and what makes them more superior from their competitors? The role of marketing management to target the consumers, critically analyse? Introduction: To begin with, the investigation will be made in this research to know about the product which produced from Apple in e- business market and how well they create an environment to make their products more superior from their competing rivalries. The reason behind selecting this company is because the way they produced or manufactured their products goes beyond the expectation of their consumers and most of their consumer gets satisfied with the advance features of the product. The important role of marketing management to grab the attention of their consumers, in this research the attempt will be made to talk in depth about the selected company. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Marketing Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Apple has an impact on their consumers and that makes them superior and they have managed to attract the consumers with their products even when they are most expensive ones.How marketing management have made the strategies to build a success full platform in the market, for instance this research will attempt to know about the inferior part of apple which makes them superior with their products. What their focus on selecting such parts to build a product and do they select the inferior part with their past experience of customers reaction on their product and how does they manage to keep changing with their models of their product and produce some advance features with every different product. Creative innovative marketing describes how some leading companies approach innovation. Firms develop strategy by identifying and selecting among different views of the future† (P. Kotler, et al, 2009). Being creative with the products is mostly accepted in any form of market, as apple does with their every new product and this could be the reason for their success in business market and marketing management will play a pivotal role to know the needs and desires of consumers and apple does it with their every new product launch.Marketing management makes the strategies of the product by concerning its future value. It is very important to know about the future of the product as we have seen the strategy of apple i-phone which started as 3g and then 3gs and goes till 4’s. The strategies they make to sell their product i-phone by producing advance models one after another, the i-phone 3g and 3gs has got the same design but 3gs comes with the advance features and their version of 4g which comes with different design and extra features has break the record in their sale of i-phone.It can be understand through this process of invention in every single model is creative and their marketing management has done some fair job to attract their customers. Furthermore, the research will comes with the detailed information about their products which makes them superior and it will follow with the problems and success in their marketing management. To support this arguments evidence will provided from the great scholars of marketing researchers and marketing management. Literature Review:Consumers in present scenario are much found of electronic products, mobile phones and computers are necessities of human life. Apple has been very impressive with the advance technology and fast performance, consumer always look for those products which allow them to access their needs in every needful movement. Producing some extraordinary products containing with inferior feature devices has made apple’s product more superior in the competing market. â€Å"At the heart of great brand is a great product. Product is a key element in the market offering.Market leaders generally offer products and services of superior quality that provide unsurpassed customer value†(k. l. keller, et al, 2009). This definition implies on the formation of apple products, thus it says the value of great brand becomes a great product and the value of brand becomes great when it satisfy the needs of consumer’s. It is the fact the product is the main feature in marketing proposals, marketing management of apple has always offers the superior quality products which makes them better and greater in customer value.Though they have been well maintained their relationship with their consumer, apple has seen some issues with their products in consumer circle after the release of those product in which the consumer find some problems such as antenna performance in apple i-phone 4. Performance quality: â€Å"Most of the products are established at one of four performance levels: low, average, high, or superior. Performance quality is the level at which the products primary characteristics operate. Quality is becoming an increasingly important dimension for differentiation as companies adopt a value model and provide higher quality for less money† (p. otler, et al, 2009). Apple has established their products in high and superior levels and their quality performance has been operated in the high level of products. The quality of apple products has been differentiated with their every single model production; their manufacturer has made the design to match up to the needs of consumers and to competing the performance level. This strategy of apple has seen in i-phone models, macbook and I-pads. Their competitors try to follow the design which apple has but they can’t produce those features which apple has in their products.That’s made them more superior with their products and creates some competitive advantages to their competing rivalries in the business market. The strategies apple apply to every single model of their products has been green signalled by many marketing scholars. The role of marketing management to manage the superior quality performance from time to time i. e. marketing management has to make some strategies to release the product which should compete with their competitors, because the consistent improvement in products can create â€Å"high returns and market share†.The most liked feature by consumers of apple products is the I-tunes, I-tunes comes as a free application with apple pc and Mac. It can be stored in the pc as I-pod, I-phone, apple TV which is the great feature for consumer to get entertained at any place any time. This feature has made an impact on the students from universities and colleges because the majority of students have found its usefulness and as per the press report more than 3, 50,000 tunes have been downloaded from most of the places around the world. iTunes U makes it easy for people to discover and learn with content from many of the world’s top institutions, With such a wide selection of educational material, apple is providing iTunes users with an incredible way to learn on their computer, I-Phone, iPod or I-Pad† (apple press info, 2010). Whenever apple makes new entrants of their product in the market they comes with the new product models and designs and their new entrant’s products are consists of new feature. â€Å"Today’s marketers face a tremendous challenge.A company simply cannot afford to prepare ads for every possible medium. Choices must be made. The message must be designed to give the company an advantage in a highly cluttered world, a world in which people are becoming increasingly proficient at simply tuning ads out† (D. Baack, 2007). The advertising style of apple is very strategically maintained by its marketing management, if we check out the structure of advertising of their product i-pad the marketing management has identify the expectation of consumers.They publicise that product through social websites before its get released and those specifies all details about the product advance features this strategy has made them to maximise their sale of their product. As per the reports they almost manage to sell 600,000 to 700,000 i-pads on its first day of release. These strategies also implement on i-phone 4 and they make most of it by selling more than 600,000 I-phone 4, their massive sale tells about their superiority of products and that makes them more superior form their competitors.Their competitors such as Nokia Corporation, Sony ericssion and Samsung mobile are producing some good models and design with external features but the consumers are expecting more technical available resources from their produc ts. But they are doing well in the developing countries where technical doesn’t factor doesn’t in every day of consumers life. They are trying to match up with the products of apple and attempting to compete with their products in the business market. Critical analysis:Furthermore, the discussion will be made on the marketing management of the company and how effective it was in their process of making an important strategy to build the relationship with their customers. Further there will be an attempt to investigate more about the company’s success and failure, for year’s apple was only a computer manufacturer they had gone through some tough time in their past years due to some misconceptions apple has lost more of its market share but they way backed to their job to make an impact on consumer expectation from the company. But perhaps the most interesting aspect of the second coming of Apple is the way they did it. Without a complete focus on computers, Jobs was able to redesign Apple’s public perception and make it a multimedia company. It began with music and within a few years, it has become audio and video. And if the company’s decision to drop ‘Computer’ from its name is any indica tion, Apple may be poised to focus on your home with computers reaping the benefits its other devices have created† (cnet. com, 2010). H: 1: apple has changed their perception towards their customer and started producing multimedia products. They would have not been that much successful if they have followed the same concept of computer manufacturers. Some researcher have questioned about the success of apple is because of their skills or luck? Because the success they found with Steve wozniak has been complemented has companies luck. If company is successful in their business it might be because of several reason, it can’t happen with single personality.The big role of their success can predict as their role of marketing management to understand the strength and weakness of their companies. â€Å"But all the credit can’t be given to Steve Jobs. It should also be given to the poor management at Microsoft, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and others. Those companies were complacent, focused on the wrong markets, and generally failed to realize that Apple was starting a movement that wasn’t waiting for them to catch up. Apple has always understood that and does its best to make its computers more elegant than its competitors; Hp and Dell are just waking up to that fact† (cnet. om, 2010). H: 2: I support to the argument, when apple acknowledge the existence of their competitors in wrong directions. H: 2:1: Apples understands their competitor’s mistakes and utilize it in those direction in which it should be. It does can be clearly understand company makes wrong decision because of their poor management skills. Recently, Apple has seen with an issue in their released product of i-phone 4, although they have managed to break the records in sales. Some of the consumers have got the problem with the phone external antenna.Apple suggested to those consumers who has got the product to hold the phone in different way or to buy a case which will solve the network problem. H: 3: while advertising the product they should have explains these problems to their consumers, if they have done so then it is a problem of misleading communication and it could be a problem for their marketing management. H: 4: They can’t ask their consumer to get a case or to change their style of holding a phone to avoid the problems of external antenna. Consumer can’t change their habit of holding the phone in what way they do.Apple needs to make the products which suit the style of their consumer to build a good relationship with their consumers. H: 4:1: They have made good decision to give free case with their product to support the external antenna. Conclusion: Apple has been consistent with manufacturing their products in creative design and models; their biggest strength in their product is technology, features and applications. They have been very innovative with their products and satisfy the needs and desires of their consumers.A consumer makes their products superior because in every model of apple products they found something new to make use of it. Products from apple help to understand the picture in clear way, and its features provide some extra applications in their products. They have lead in business market with huge difference of sale with their competitors; their competitors have also manufactured some good products to compete with them. When apple used to do only computer business at previous time, they don’t compete well as they do know.Because the technical options they got it to support their product features know it was not operated in the decades. Though they only do computers at that time they were well maintained to succeed their customers’ expectations. The problems they faced in their management with the egoism of some leaders they have been mislead in the business markets. But with the skill of Steve apple has produce some good results and they maintained the league after that and they started manufacturing the multimedia products started with i-pods.They carry on their impressive relationship with their consumer and tried to go beyond the expectations of their consumers with every manufacturing product they released. Their management has leaded them throughout the concept of winning business with smart communications; the marketing management has been creative with their strategies and implementation in targeting the consumer. Consumer always expect something new in the products which they want to buy, apple has been successful to manage their relationship with their consumer by giving them what they want.The con sumer expectation is always high from every new entrant product and gives them more than their will. The figures in sale of recent launched products have boomed the market as it has been mentioned earlier in the research. Apple need to be more effective with their marketing communication to protect their products from business competitors, they need to be honest with their products because even they are more expensive their competitors believed more in them.The perception of their consumer has not changed towards them, to maintain this process the marketing management need to sort out these issues which comes to minimize their product sales. In the present scenario, apple has made an impact in the electronic business market by adding advance technology features which cannot be seen in their competing products and that make them superior from their competitors. This research has attempted to make an appropriate research about the marketing management.References and bibliography: ) Kotler. P and Keller. K. L, (2009), 13th edition, marketing management, pearson prentice hall, ISBN – 13: 978-0-13-135797-6. 2) Keller. K. L and kotler. p, (2009), 13th edition, marketing management, pearson prentice hall, ISBN – 13: 978-0-13-135797-6. 3) Kotler. P and Keller. K. L, (2009), 13th edition, marketing management, pearson prentice hall, ISBN – 13: 978-0-13-135797-6. 4) Apple. com. (2010), Apple-i Tunes – Partner with i Tunes – sales and Marketing, [online], available from:www. apple. om/itunes/marketing/-unitedstates- 5) Baack. D and Clow. E, (2007), third edition, Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communication, pearson prentice hall, ISBN- 978-81-203-3305-5. 6) News. cnet. com, (2010), The Main Reason for Apple’s success: Recognition of the Importance of the Home,[online], available from:news. cnet. com/8301-13506_3-9734035-17. html- 7) News. cnet. com, (2010), Is Apple’s success the result of luck or skill? , [online], available from:www. news. cnet. com/8301-13506_3-10045516-17. html How to cite Apple Marketing Project, Papers

DBQ Motives for Imperialism Essay Example

DBQ: Motives for Imperialism Paper The basic motives for imperialism were political, economical, and cultural. Imperialists believed It was their duty to govern the colonized nations and develop their economies. They viewed themselves as racially and culturally superior. Larger, more modernized nations, such as the united States, Europe, France, and Germany, felt the need to spread civilization, usually by domination smaller, weaker nations. Political conquests and economic expansion were powerful motivators for imperialism, but the idea of one nation or culture being superior to another was a strong driving force for colonization as well. Each motive tied Into the others and each was used as a Justification for imperialism. In Document 4, scholar Parker T. Moore describes Imperialism, outlining the motives for doing so. He explains the benefits of colonizing weaker nations on an economic level. Business owners profited from the markets they could open in the new colonies, expanding their industries and reducing foreign competition. He claims that in order to establish economic control, imperialists must also have political control of the colony. To gain political control, military action would be replaced. Military leaders believe strongly In extending the white mans rule over the Inferior races. This statement corresponds with the cultural superiority motive. Parker T. Moore added that missionaries would go out and preach to the people of the colonies about the afterlife in hopes of converting them to their religion. Economic gain was a particularly large reason for imperialism. Many nations wanted to dominate specific areas to procure access to their natural resources, expand their Industries, and obtain more laborers, whom they could pay less to work more. We will write a custom essay sample on DBQ: Motives for Imperialism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on DBQ: Motives for Imperialism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on DBQ: Motives for Imperialism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany announces In his speech to the North German Regatta Association that they have conquered a place for ourselves in the sun in order to develop their industry and agriculture within the state. He claims that their future depends upon the colonization of the region (Doc 1). His statement shows how imperialists were mainly concerned about how colonization benefited themselves, more than they cared about how It would affect the colonized nation. The desire to expand Industries and develop lands was a major motivation for Imperialism. Doing so was rarely beneficial to the native people of Imperialism region. A British scholar, J. A. Hobnobs, wrote the normal state of such a country is one in which the most fertile lands and the mineral resources are owned by white aliens and worked by natives under their direction, primarily for their gain. His analysis shows how white men would wage war against these territories in order to gain access to their lands, forcing the natives to perform the labor while the white rulers reaped all of the benefits. The Imperialists did not care about the best Interests of the people In that region. They considered themselves racially superior to the natives and treated them as parasites (Doc 2). Seeks Tours perspective on colonialism was much the same as Hobnobs. Tour believed imperialism took away [West Africans] right to self- government. The imperialist nations made the colonized people feel as though their civilization was nothing less than savagery. It caused the natives of the region to feel Irresponsible, stripped them of their Identity, and harmed their economy. Sources (Doc 6). Scholar O. P. Austin did not agree with Hobnobs and Tours point of view on the negative effects and motivations for imperialism. In his opinion, imperialism benefited the native people by developing their lands and establishing a violation that they would have been incapable of creating themselves (Doc 3). Jules Ferry, the Prime Minister of France, had the same view of colonization as Austin did. In Document 5, he point out all of the benefits of imperialistic Tunisia, Saigon, Indochina, and Madagascareconomically, politically, and militarily. He explained how France needed more outlets for exports and the colony people needed Frances military protection against naval warfare. He believed that these countries would benefit from the military aid, while France would benefit from the extra places to gain supplies, shelter, safe harbors, and provisions. France supported their need to imperialism these regions by arguing that there was a need to defend themselves and these colonies against foreign competition, warfare, and the need to develop the nations in order to accommodate the growing population. John Stuart Mill viewed imperialism as beneficial to all involved. He claimed that colonization took in consideration the best interests of the colonized people and had positive impacts on the economy of the entire human race (Doc 8). Albert Beverage, U. S. Senator, defended imperialism, saying that, the rule of liberty that all Just government rives its authority from the consent of the governed, applies only to those who are capable of self-government. He, among others, believed these colonized nations were incapable of governing themselves, unable to handle the responsibility of overseeing their own affairs. Many imperialists believed they were doing the colonies a favor (Doc 7). Rudyard Kipling wrote The White Mans Burden. In this poem, he expressed the point of view that white men took on the difficult task of colonizing weaker nations to help their people prosper. His writings show how white men insider themselves to be superior to all other races and the only ones capable of developing a successful government and economy (Doc 9). The documents provided show many points of view from people who were involved in the process of imperialism, both as the imperialists and the colonized. It would be helpful to include more documents from recent scholarly analyses. Overall, the main reasons for imperialism included economic, political, and cultural development, each of which intertwined with the others. Usually, colonization benefited the imperialist nations more so than the colonized nations.

Management Tools and Technique

Management Tools and Technique Decisions form a critical part of management in an organization. Both individuals and organizations often make decisions on particular issues. Each decision that is taken by an individual or an organization is associated with some consequences. The impacts of a decision can be positive or negative.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management Tools and Technique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, it is important to evaluate the various available options in order to arrive at the best decision. This calls for an effective and efficient decision The population of America consists of Whites, Blacks and the rich. In figure 1, set A can represent the Whites. Set B can represent the Blacks while the rich can be represented by set C. Thus the African-Americans will be found in the area marked 1 since they have attributes of both races. Blacks who are also rich will be found in the area marked 2 since the area cons ist of elements whose attributes are found in set B and C. Whites who are also rich will be found in the area marked 3. Finally, the area marked X consists of African-Americans who are also rich since the elements in this area have the attributes of all sets. Members of the population who do not have any of the above attributes will be found in the area outside the circles. Advantages and Limitations of Venn Diagrams Advantages First, the diagrams are easy to construct and interpret (Haan Koppelaars, 2007). The Venn diagrams represent the outcome of an analysis of the characteristics of a given set of variables. Thus it is easy to get the needed information without further analysis. Second, the use of Venn diagrams help in eliminating the bias attributed to prejudice and personal opinion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management Tools and Technique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because the classificati on of elements in the sets depends on facts that describe the attributes of the elements (William Edwards, 2004). Finally, Venn diagrams can be used in any decision making process that involves determining the relationship between attributes of variables. Therefore, Venn diagrams can be used in any analysis that involves comparing and contrasting the attributes of variables. Limitation First, the size of each set can not be determined in a Venn diagram (Haan Koppelaars, 2007). For example, in the above illustration it is only possible to get information on the characteristics of the population of America. However, it is not possible to tell the number of Whites or Black form the Venn diagram. Second, Venn diagrams tend to be visually complex when several circles are used to represent sets. This makes it difficult to interpret the outcome of the analysis. Finally, Venn diagrams depend on other tools of analysis such as classification and statistical analysis. Without such tools, it is not possible to get the information that is needed to develop various sets. Besides, the information obtained form the Venn diagrams will not be reliable if the classification was not done correctly (Haan Koppelaars, 2007). Thus Venn diagrams can not be used in cases whereby the information on the size of the set is needed. It is also not possible to use Venn diagrams for mathematical analysis. In the contrary, mathematical analysis can be used to get information on the attributes of elements in a given set. References Haan, L., Koppelaars, T. (2007). Applied mathematics for database professionals . New York: Apress. William, A., Edwards, F. (2004). Cogwheels of the mind: the story of Venn diagrams. Balitmore: JHU Press.

Inspiration and Advice About Divorce

Inspiration and Advice About Divorce You must have heard the famous proverb, The road to hell is paved with good intentions. All marriages are fraught with problems. Show me a perfect match, and I will show you the worlds greatest illusion. So if you are getting out of the marriage because it did not work out the way you envisioned your perfect life to be, wake up to the real world. Divorce Affects the Whole Family If  there seems to be no chance of reconciliation, divorce may be  inevitable. A relationship devoid of love is no relationship at all. If your spouse and you have decided to go ahead with the divorce, you need to make sure to handle the breakup sensitively. Not just assets and money are at stake; your near and dear ones are also going to bear the brunt of the breakup. Hence, keeping your emotions at a neutral level, you need to ensure that others are not hurt by your decision. Divorce will have an irreversible impact on your family. Children and even ​pets go through emotional upheaval and mental trauma. You need to treat them with great sensitivity, keeping their interest and well-being in mind. Whether you choose to move to a new house, city, or town, make sure that your family does not suffer due to a change of surroundings. Shake Off the Post-Divorce Gloom If divorce has affected you, take some time off work to heal yourself. Join a yoga class, learn a new  language, go out with friends, or even rekindle your childhood hobbies. The loneliness after separation may initially seem unbearable, but be optimistic about moving on. Remind yourself that you are now in control of your life, and you will depend only on yourself for your happiness. Don’t feel guilty about the divorce. Accept your mistakes, and be generously forgiving of yourself. There is no point living in self-pity or condemnation. How to Cope With Loneliness If you are feeling low, read these quotes about moving on. Vent your sadness with sad love quotes. Hang out with friends who are supportive and caring. Make new friends, even though you dont feel ready for a commitment. Dont feel guilty about having fun. You are entitled to happiness, just as everyone else is. Renew Your Life With Optimism Divorce may be the end of a relationship, but it could also open avenues for new relationships. You  also have the chance to reinvent yourself. Take this opportunity to learn more about yourself. Reflect on your life and past mistakes. If you are moving into a new relationship, learn lessons from your previous relationships. Dont carry the baggage of old memories into your new relationship. They can only add to your woes. Instead of living on regrets and nostalgia, look ahead with optimism and dreams. Get inspired to challenge your limits and aim high. Your enthusiasm can help renew your life. Use these divorce quotes as good counsel. You may not be able to undo your past or avoid the divorce, but you can at least ensure that your future relationships don’t suffer in the same way. These divorce quotes provide you with adequate food for thought along with some invaluable insight on relationships. Quotes Robert Anderson: In every marriage more than a week old, there are grounds for divorce. The trick is to find, and continue to find, grounds for marriage. Walt Whitman: Re-examine all you have been told. Dismiss what insults your soul. Mark Gungor, Laugh Your Way to a Better Marriage: Marriage problems are relationship problems, they are the result of how two people interact with each other. You may abandon a troubled marriage, but you will still bring the way you interact with others along with you. Nora Ephron: Marriages come and go, but divorces are forever. Christina Aguilera: My parents divorce and hard times at school, all those things combined to mold me, to make me grow up quicker. And it gave me the drive to pursue my dreams that I wouldnt necessarily have had otherwise. Evan Esar: Divorce is the price people play for playing with matches. Rita Mae Brown: Divorce is the one human tragedy that reduces everything to cash. Helen Rowland: When two people decide to get a divorce, it isnt a sign that they dont understand one another, but a sign that they have, at last, begun to. Roseanne Barr: Take this marriage thing seriously it has to last all the way to the divorce. Zoe Stern: Divorce can sometimes be for the better. You may end up with happier parents, and you will definitely learn a lot about yourself! And thats the whole point of growing up. So if you think about it, there are reasons to be happy about this experience, if you can learn and grow from it. Jack Benny: My wife Mary and I have been married for forty-seven years and not once have we had an argument serious enough to consider divorce; murder, yes, but divorce, never. Suzanne Finnamore, Split: The snag about marriage is, it isnt worth the divorce. American Proverb: The easiest way to get a divorce is to be married. Helen Rowland: Nowadays love is a matter of chance, matrimony a matter of money, and divorce a matter of course. Gerald F. Lieberman: Divorce is a declaration of independence with only two signers. David Arquette: People that go through what I went through and people going through divorce, its really a difficult  process; its heartbreaking and it hurts really bad. It can really mess with your head. Joan Rivers: Half of all marriages end in divorce and then there are the really unhappy ones. Voltaire: Friendship is the marriage of the soul, and this marriage is liable to divorce. Al Goldstein: If you cannot work on the marriage or the women is a moron, staying married and cheating makes the most sense because divorce is disruptive to the family life and your bank account. Erica Jong: There is a rhythm to the ending of a marriage just like the rhythm of a courtship only backward. You try to start again but get into blaming over and over. Finally you are both worn out, exhausted, hopeless. Then lawyers are called in to pick clean the corpses. The death has occurred much earlier. Zsa Zsa Gabor: Getting divorced just because you dont love a man is almost as silly as getting married just because you do. Robert Conklin: Its not the situation. Its your reaction to the situation. Margaret Trudeau: It takes two to destroy a marriage. Gary Chapman: Divorce is the result of a lack of preparation for marriage and the failure to learn the skills of working together as teammates in an intimate relationship. Oliver Stone: Anybody whos been through a divorce will tell you that at one point theyve thought murder. The line between thinking murder and doing murder isnt that major. Jewish Proverb: When two divorced people marry, four people get into bed. Jennifer Weiner: Divorce isnt such a tragedy. A tragedys staying in an unhappy marriage, teaching your children the wrong things about love. Nobody ever died of divorce. Frank Pittman: Bad marriages dont cause infidelity; infidelity causes bad marriages. Ambrose Bierce: Divorce: a resumption of diplomatic relations and rectification of boundaries. Fred Rogers, Mister Rogers Talks With Parents: For a couple with young children, divorce seldom comes as a â€Å"solution† to stress, only as a way to end one form of pain and accept another. Joseph Campbell: When people get married because they think its a long-time love affair, theyll be divorced very soon, because all love affairs end in disappointment. But marriage is a recognition of a spiritual identity. Frank Pittman: Fidelity is the single most important element in solidly enduring marriages. Mary Kay Blakeley, American Mom: Divorce is the psychological equivalent of a triple coronary bypass. Margaret Atwood: A divorce is like an amputation: you survive it, but theres less of you.

Personal Leadership Development Strategy Research Paper - 1

Personal Leadership Development Strategy - Research Paper Example The vision of leadership therefore places more attention on the relationship between an individual leader and the groups, while at the same time placing more emphasis on collective development. In these contexts, leadership’s relationship to capacity development is often viewed in three levels: individual, organizational and societal. Of these three main levels, societal leadership development often offers the most sustainable change, but also the most difficult to reach, monitor and by an extension evaluate. This paper analyzes personal leadership development, my current leadership state, weaknesses and strengths and it will take to reach an ideal leadership state. Success does not come on a silver platter. It only comes when you are able to face your challenges obstacles which are associated with being a leader. This process entails having adequate information of your strengths and the weaknesses that are inherent within you. Listed are my weaknesses which have contributed o r hindered my personal leadership growth, skills which I intend to enhance my course at the end of my studies; Being compassionate Hardworking Sociable Action oriented and practical High level of integrity Forgiving Having a high level of personal and social intelligence. Leadership Reviewed When looked from an organizational perspective, leadership is the ability of guiding a group of individuals that are in the organization, and thus involves creating and instituting a very clear vision and outline for an organization (Grohmann & Kauffeld, 2013). In this context, sharing a vision with other people or employees in the company aims at creating a unified platform so that fellow organizational employees can follow the company’s objectives without any compromise, and offering information, and other parameters and methods that are required for the accomplishment of the company’s vision. Additionally, leadership involves the process of organizing and coordinating various pr ogram actions and activities, and other inherent conflicting positions that may derail workers and organizational stakeholders from achieving the desired organizational levels. On the other hand, leadership management involves the process of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and control both human and non-human resources in an organization so as to achieve the required organizational levels. Management of people in the organization therefore is the art of planning, organizing and coordinating people and resources in the organization without compromising organizational goals and resources (John, 2002). When examined exclusively, management bears certain characteristics that define organizational efficiency and effectiveness: it involves a continuous process that is often in motion; the leader has to undertake certain functions and responsibilities in an ongoing process and allocating resources to ensure that organizational objectives are met without compromising the obje ctives of individual employees in the organization. The modern concept of organizational management views management and leadership as synonymous. In this understanding Neirott & Paolucci (2013) contend that leadership is a result driven process that is multidisciplinary in nature; it is a process that embraces focus in achieving the intended organizational goals and results through working with and by people that have diverse

Business 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business 6 - Essay Example In this social orientation, people are more self-focused and tend to put their interest before those of a group. On the other hand, China practices collectivism. This is whereby the group’s interests come before individuals’ interests. Power orientation categorizes cultures into power respect and power tolerant societies. Power respect societies respect the chain of command and accept power based on position in an organization or in the society. Authority is not usually questioned. This orientation is common in China. Power tolerant societies question authority and do not necessarily buy what authority says as seen in the United States of America. The third category of Hostede’s classification is uncertainty orientation, which focuses on people’s feelings toward vague or uncertain situations. This categorizes cultures into uncertainty acceptance and uncertainty avoidance. The United States tends to lean more on uncertainty acceptance because her cultures are undisturbed by change. Chinese cultural set ups, on the other hand, tend to embrace uncertainty avoidance, which exhibits rigid systems based on rules (Ajami, Cool, Goddard, & Khambata, 2006). China and the United States are among the leading economies in the world. However, the socio-cultural aspects of the two economies greatly differ. Chinese cultures tend to avoid uncertainty, favor power distance and are usually adapted to long-term feminism and collectivism orientations (Smith, Dugan, & Trompenaars, 1996). On the other hand, Americans are more short-term-oriented and tend to favor individualism and masculinity. They are also not bothered by uncertainty and are more democratic (Fu & Yukl, 2000). In this regard, Americans and Chinese seem to differ in almost all aspects of their cultures. Culture has a major influence on business both at domestic and international levels. Cateora and Graham (1999) observed that

Personal Reflection On Practicing A Clinical Skill

Personal Reflection On Practicing A Clinical Skill This essay will discuss a clinical skill in which I have become competent in practicing. I will use a reflective model to discuss how I have achieved the necessary level of competence in my nurse training programme. The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Gibbs model of reflection incorporates the following: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and an action plan (Gibbs 1988). The model will be applied to the essay to facilitate critical thought, relating theory to practice where the model allows. Discussion will include the knowledge underpinning practice and the evidence base for the clinical skill. A conclusion to the essay will then be given which will discuss my reflection skills, acknowledge my competence and show my personal and professional development. The clinical skill I have chosen to reflect on within this essay is the administration of Intramuscular (IM) injections. I have chosen this as within my first clinical placement this was a widely used method of drug administration and I became involved in the process of IM injections. I therefore researched the topic of IM injections and my knowledge within this area developed. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of events. I was asked to administer a drug to a patient via IM injection. I had observed this clinical skill on a variety of occasions and had previously administered an IM injection under supervision. On this occasion I was being observed by two qualified nurses, one of which was my mentor. The drug had been drawn up and was ready to be administered and the patient consented to have a student administer the injection. My mentor was talking me through the procedure step by step and informed me that I should use an alcohol wipe to cleanse the injection site, when the other nurse interrupted and said that this was not necessary. This was in front of the patient, who then requested that the alcohol wipe was omitted as on previous occasions this had caused a stinging sensation. My mentor said that this was acceptable and I continued to administer the injection, omitting the use of the alcohol wipe. On the previou s occasions when I had administered IM injections I had not cleansed the site and had never been instructed to adopt this practice. I am now going to enter into the second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection, which is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings. I was aware of being under the supervision of two qualified nurses and this made me feel very nervous and self conscious. Once my mentor questioned my practice, concerning skin cleansing, I became even more aware of feeling nervous and under pressure. The patient was present and I did not want the patient to feel that I did not know what I was doing. I thought that as I had been observed carrying out this clinical procedure on many other occasions then my practice must have been seen to be correct. I was now feeling very confused about the use of alcohol wipes in the administration of IM injection. I was also concerned that the practice of the qualified nurses was so inconsistent, which led me to evaluate the whole process. Evaluation is the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection and requires the reflector to with state what was good and bad about the event. I was aware that research by Workman (1999) suggests that the use of skin cleansing wipes is inconsistent and not necessary in IM injections if the patient appears to be physically clean and an aseptic technique is adopted, along with stringent hand washing by the nurse. It has also been noted that the use of cleansing with an alcohol wipe can cause skin hardening (Mallet Dougherty 2000). The trust policy was to follow guidelines published by the Royal Marsden Hospital (Mallet Dougherty 2000). The Royal Marsden (Mallet Dougherty 2000) advocate the use of skin cleansing wipes, however it is stated within their guidelines that they adopt this because their patients are often immunocompromised, and give evidence of previous studies which indicate that skin cleansing is not normally necessary. Therefore my practice was within the trust proto col. This experience made me think about my attitude towards literature and how it is applied in practice. Burnard (2002) suggests that a learner is a passive recipient of received knowledge, and that learning through activity engages all of our senses. The site used in the IM injection was the gluteus maximus, this the most commonly used site for the administration of IM injections (Greenway 2004, Workman 1999). The gluteus maximus area is both thick and fleshy with a good blood supply (Watson 2000). It is located in the hip area and forms the buttock (Watson 2000). It has been noted by Watson (2000) that the gluteus maximus is near the sciatic nerve and Greenway (2004) suggests that this presents a risk of threat of injury in the administration of IM injections. When I administered the IM injection to the patient, I injected into the gluteus maximus muscle, as the evidence stipulates this is best practice. Stage four of Gibbs (1988) is an analysis of the event, where Gibbs encourages the reflector to make sense of the situation. I will do this by exploring the skill and looking at the evidence underpinning it. An IM injection is the administration of medication into the muscle; there are many reasons why drugs are given via the IM route (Workman 1999). These include a rapid absorption rate, the conscious state of the patient, and the drug effect being altered by ingestion (Mallet Dougherty 2000, Workman 1999). Workman (1999) suggests there are four considerations in giving an injection, the site of injection, the technique, the equipment and the route. On my clinical placement, an orthopaedic outpatient centre, IM injections were administered on an almost daily basis. However Hemsworth (2000) comments that IM injections are rarely used in certain specialities and suggests that, in this case, nurses current practice in IM injections may not be up to date with recent research findings. Through evaluation of the event in question I have become more aware of different practices concerning the use of alcohol wipes in skin cleansing. I am aware that both practices have been researched, but as I develop professionally I am developing my own skills and will not cleanse the skin in future unless the trust policy dictates so or the patient requests me to do so. There is no clear evidence in this area but I will use the literature which is available to justify my actions, and therefore give evidence based care. The reason my mentor suggested using the alcohol wipe could be that she has been qualified for a long time, and practices have changed. In this scenario I have learnt from experience and through experience (Burnard 2002). Following this incident in practice I will now be more prepared to challenge the views of others in relation to my clinical practice. In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) model, I am aware that all nurses do not use evidence in the same way and may use different methods but as long as my practice is safe and evidence based then I can practice safely. My future practice will depend on the area in which I am working and I aim to find out the trust protocol concerning clinical procedures before I commence any procedure Within my action plan my aim is to research further into the theory of using alcohol wipes in the administration of IM injections. I am also planning to have a discussion with the qualified nurses on the subject of skin cleansing. In conclusion my reflection skills have developed through the production of this essay. Using a model of reflection has helped me to structure my thoughts and feelings appropriately. My level of awareness concerning evidence based practice, and its importance, has been enhanced with the use of critical reflection. My competence, within this clinical skill, has been further developed and I now feel that my personal and professional development is progressing. Using this reflective model has helped me to realise that my learning is something which I must be proactive in. Furthermore as a student nurse I have recognised that reflection is an important learning tool in practice.

Langston Hughes’ “Mother To Son” Essay

An Explication of Langston Hughes’ â€Å"Mother to Son† Langston Hughes once stated in his own words that his whole purpose for writing was, â€Å"to explain and illuminate the Negro condition in America.† In the poem â€Å"Mother to Son†, he denotes his belief on racism in America. In â€Å"Mother to Son†, a mother is giving advice to her son about life from her perspective and experiences. She wants her son to keep striving on what he believes and to have a more prosperous life than what she had. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902. He lived with his grandmother for most of her life but often stayed with his mother in Cleveland, Ohio. He grew up in poverty and was exposed to racism in his youth. However, he believed that things would change and his culture must press on. By 1929, he was a well know poet during the Harlem Renaissance, the growth of African-American art and literature in Harlem, New York. He promoted the African-American culture and supported the Civil Rights Movement. Hughes used poetry to express himself and has written over sixty poems. One of them being â€Å"Mother to Son†, which expresses how the blacks must stand tall and believe in a better future. Starting with the title, â€Å"Mother to Son†, allows the reader to trust that the poem is going to be about a mother and a son. Just by reading the title, the reader may wonder what type of poem this is going to be. It shows a sense of leadership because a son sees his mother as an authoritative figure, someone who he can trust, someone who he has a bond with. Mothers are usually a figure who nurtures and molds their children into the right path. This gives the reader a hint that the poem is a poem were, the mother, in some way or another is molding or guiding the son into the right path. In the very first line, â€Å"Well, son, I’ll tell you:† gives the reader a good idea in which direction the poem is taking. At this point, the reader can trust that the mother is going to give some kind of advice as mothers frequently do. As the reader moves on to the second line, â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair,† Langston creates imagery for the reader by using a crystal stair as a metaphor to symbolize the mother’s life in contrast to the crystal stair. Crystal has connotations of beauty and visual smoothness.  It is also a valuable piece of stone that only the wealthy could purchase in high volume such as that of a crystal stair. The crystal stair is very important to the body of the poem. Without this metaphor, the poem probably would not have the same effect on how the reader interprets it. Moving on to the third sentence, â€Å"Its had tacks in it, and splinters, and boards torn up, and places with no carpet on the floor-Bare.† The tacks and splinters could represent pain or scars left from the mother’s past. The boards that were torn up could represent imperfection; a struggle or permanent loses and voids in her life. â€Å"No carpet on the floor-Bare† could mean that the mother has nothing left to show for her life. Her life as a youth could have been stripped from her through slavery. So she wants her son to make something of himself despite the criticism and racism he is challenged with. The poem doesn’t state specifically to the reader where the setting takes place but there are two hints Hughes gives that leads the reader into the assumption that the South is a primary focus. First, the poem was written in 1922, which was a time of the Harlem Renaissance. Second, the mother is speaking the words of the poem in a Negro dialect, which forces the reader to assume she’s black. With these two facts, the reader can reasonably come to the conclusion that the mother has probably dealt with the racism and prejudges from the white culture. The 1920’s were a time of struggle for many blacks and Negro rights since slavery was abolished in 1865 by the 13th Amendment. By reading the history of the poet, Langston Hughes, the reader has a general idea that his own mother could have been a slave or had grown up during the time that slavery was being abolished and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments came into effect. This was also during a time when Congress had passed several laws to protect Negroes’ civil rights. In contrast, many whites disregarded the newly won rights of Negroes. (World Book Encyclopedia. Civil Rights. Field Enterprises Educational Corporation. Chicago. 1977. P.468) Like many other Lyrics, â€Å"Mother to Son†, is expressing the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker and is written in first person point of view. In the very first line, â€Å"Well, son, I’ll tell you†, Hughes demonstrates to the reader that this is going to be a first person point of view. Readers can see that the  mother is the central character in this poem because the reader is focused on her next word as she describes her view of life. The mother speaks her thoughts and feelings for the entirety of the poem but the boy doesn’t speak at all. This is called a dramatic monologue. Langston’s attitude toward life in â€Å"Mother to Son† is slightly unpleasant but solemn and trustworthy. The reader gains a sense of sympathy for the mother as she tells her son about her misfortunes from the past. In â€Å"Mother to Son†, a mother is urging her son to keep striving with assurance to have a more prosperous life than she had. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902. He was a well-known poet during the Harlem Renaissance. He believed strongly in his culture and he had faith that things would change for the better. The title itself gives the reader a sense of insight on what the poem is going to be about as it clearly uses â€Å"Mother†, an authoritative figure in which a son would trust and look up to for guidance. On the other hand, a mother’s own instinct is to her child into the right path. Langston clearly demonstrates this in this piece of poetry. Langston also uses imagery for the reader by using the crystal stair as a metaphor. The setting is not specifically stated but Langston has granted a couple of clues for which the reader can rely. The date the poem was written and the word choices he uses lets the reader know that the setting is probably in the South. Langston’s background gives the reader the idea that he may have reflected on his mother’s past and the events that follows slavery abolishment in 1865 when he began writing, â€Å"Mother to Son.† This poem was written as a Lyric. Like many other lyrics, it was written in first person point of view and the poet used a dramatic monologue when the mother speaks of her thoughts and feelings, whereas, the boy doesn’t speak at all. Although, Langston shows a slightly unpleasant attitude in his tone, he is solemn and trustworthy. The reader gains a sense of sympathy for the character of the mother

Factors That Can Be Protective Against Ptsd - 1751 Words

What is meant by the term ‘’resilience’’ with regard to response to stressful events? One resilience factor is ‘hardiness’, discuss how this factor can be protective against PTSD. Stress is a widely studied phenomenon, as stress is an experience that every individual go through in their everyday lives. According to Baum (1990), stress can be defined as a â€Å"negative emotional experience accompanied by predicable biochemical, physiological and behavioural changes that are directed towards adaption either by manipulating the situation to alter the stressor or by accommodating its effects.† Everybody is affected by stressful events in different ways, some are better at coping than others, this is because everyone is individually different. This is where resilience to stressful events comes into place. Resilience helps to explain the ability to adapt in the face of tragedy, hardship, trauma, adversity and a continuation of significant life stressors. Bonanno (2002).There are many factors that influence people’s resilience to these life events, for example personality traits, optimism, lows of control, hardiness and social support. In this essay th ere will be a focus on hardiness as it is a main factor for overcoming mental illness. Especially for PTSD which is heavily influenced by stressful life experiences. Stress has a big impact on people’s mental and physical health, the way in which people cope with stress can protect them from illness. Throughout life, people are facedShow MoreRelatedAssessment And Treatment Of Combat Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesdisabling trauma. The purpose of this literature review is to address the issue of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), address the symptoms linked to PTSD, and the methods used in the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder with emphasis on military combat-related PTSD. 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